The Byzantine Art of War
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A Complete Overview of One of the Most Important Military Forces in
the History of the World The Byzantine Art of War explores the
military history of the thousand-year empire of the eastern
Mediterranean, Byzantium. Throughout its history the empire faced a
multitude of challenges from foreign invaders seeking to plunder
its wealth and to occupy its lands, from the deadly Hunnic hordes
of Attila, to the Arab armies of Islam, to the western Crusaders
bent on carving out a place in the empire or its former lands. In
order to survive the Byzantines relied on their army that was for
centuries the only standing, professional force in Europe.
Leadership provided another key to survival; Byzantine society
produced a number of capable strategic thinkers and tacticians-and
several brilliant ones. These officers maintained a level of
professionalism and organization inherited and adapted from Roman
models. The innovations of the Byzantine military reforms of the
sixth century included the use of steppe nomad equipment and
tactics, the most important of which was the refinement of the
Roman mounted archer. Strategy and tactics evolved in the face of
victory and defeat; the shock of the Arab conquests led to a sharp
decline in the number and quality of imperial forces. By the eighth
and ninth centuries Byzantine commanders mastered the art of the
small war, waging guerrilla campaigns, raids, and flying column
attacks that injured the enemy but avoided the decisive
confrontation the empire was no longer capable of winning. A
century later they began the most sustained, glorious military
expansion of their history. This work further sketches the key
campaigns, battles, and sieges that illustrate Byzantine military
doctrine, vital changes from one era to another, the composition of
forces and the major victories and defeats that defined the
territory and material well-being of its citizens. Through a
summary of their strategies, tactics, and innovations in the tools
of war, the book closes with an analysis of the contributions of
this remarkable empire to world military history.
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